Zerubbabel and Nehemiah both play a part in restoring God's Temple, while Zerubbabel takes charge over governing affairs, and Nehemiah rebuilds the Walls of Jerusalem. The Book of Ezra begins in the 16th year of Cyrus, about 536 BC (Ezra 1:1), and the Book of Nehemiah ends around the 32nd year of a Persian king designated as "Artaxerxes" (Neh. Purpose: Provide a historical background of the Book of Nehemiah with many dates and a timeline chart linking Nehemiah and Ezra's activities.Nehemiah faced eight problems when rebuilding Jerusalem. Ezra and Nehemiah. 24), and finally completed (6:15). A second party returns with Ezra about 80 years later. Ezra and Nehemiah were leaders in the reign of Artaxerxes. 5-6 does not fit the above sequence. It has long been recognized that the books of Ezra and Nehemiah exhibit a built-in yet distasteful quandary. The Chronology of Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther King David (died 970) Divided Kingdom Israel exiled to Assyria (720) Isaiah preaches to Judah (died 680) BABYLON Nabopolassar (626-605) Babylon defeats Assyria in 610. The Return to Isra’el Under Sheshbazzar – Ezra 1:5-11 (Aj) B. 458 EZRA leads another group to Jerusalem and reforms the true worship and teaches the Law of Moses (Ezra 7-10) 443 NEHEMIAH comes to Jerusalem from Persia and rebuilds the walls of the city. Furthermore, the “Ezra and Nehemiah Problem” as described by Jones1 and Anstey goaded me to suspect that there was a problem with the conventional chronology based on Ptolemy's Cannon. If history is people, the history of the Second Commonwealth begins with one of history’s greatest personalities: Ezra the Scribe, who was descended from the priestly family of Aaron. At some later date he returned to Persia to serve King Darius/Artaxerxes. MALACHI prophesied during the days of Ezra and Nehemiah. Ezra, a descendant of Aaron, arrives in Jerusalem later and instills God's laws to the post-Exile Jewish generation. When Nehemiah came the issue was no longer the temple but the city walls (Neh 1:3), so the city was rebuilt last, i.e., after the temple was fully complete. Rebuilding Our Faith. They rebuild the temple. See table 1. Nehemiah returned with the exiles and was present for the initial altar building under Joshua and Zerubbabel. He condemns the Jews for making the same Placing the work on the city wall in Ezra 4:7-23 at a point before the completion of the temple in chaps. Second, some may attempt to solve this difficulty by alleging that Artaxerxes II was the king who reigned during the days of Ezra and Nehemiah’s return to Jerusalem, while Artaxerxes I was the king mentioned prior to Darius’ reign (Ezra 4:7-23). The Decree of Cyrus – Ezra 1:1-4 (Ai) 2. As nearly all scholars identify this A Timeline for Ezra and Esther We Must Keep the Big Picture in Mind! First Return in 538-515 BC – Ezra 1:1 to 6:22 (Ag) A. Cyrus Decrees: Rebuild the Temple – Ezra 1:1-11 (Ah) 1. Cyrus, Zerubbabel, Ezra, and Nehemiah. The first and main party returns with Zerubbabel 538 BC. The People of the Bible—Part XXI The Books of Ezra and Nehemiah. THESE are the men who were in strategic positions of authority and influence when the Lord’s time came for the Hebrew people to be released from their captivity, which began under Nebuchadnezzar and had continued through the fall of Babylon into the ascendancy of the Medo-Persian Empire. The return of the exiles to Judah, and the rebuilding of Jerusalem, was accomplished in three main stages. The Theology of Ezra-Nehemiah (Ae) Ezra-Nehemiah Timeline (Af) I. The problem is that the men listed as elders at the beginning of Ezra are also listed near the end of Nehemiah. The reference to “Nehemiah” in Ezra 2:2 and Nehemiah 7:7 should be taken as strong evidence that the short chronology is correct. 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